With the launch of the Union for the Mediterranean, 2008 was the year of the big debate on the Mediterranean, its centrality and the complexity which characterizes the relations between its residents. Indeed never since 1995 the Mediterranean project was so euphoric, the atmosphere was rather stained with gloom especially after the summit of ten years of Partnership, summit which sounded almost the end of a process which suffered for a long time, according to its detractors, from several deficiencies. The launch of the idea of a “Union” was at first source of distrust and anxiety with regard to the future of the Process of Barcelona; its evolution and its finale adaptation to the Euro Mediterranean Partnership will be finally the reasons for which it will be considered as a lifebouye for this one. The report analyses the perceptions of the Maghreb countries of the new framework of cooperation.