The Arab Spring represents a repoliticization of a region which for years had an image of unshakable authoritarianism.  According to Peter Seeberg, Islamist parties have largely benefited from the new active public sphere because they represent the only well-organized alternative to the authoritarian regimes. This Brief analyses the evolution of Islamist movements in several countries and how the emergence of a new wave of Political Islam challenges the traditional policies of the EU and its member states.