Climate change and energy security represent interdependent challenges of vital importance, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events and changing precipitation patterns threaten the sustainability of energy sources. At the same time, the energy sector, vital for economic growth, contributes to the carbon footprint of the region. Understanding the interplay between these challenges is important, since the energy sector contributes significantly to global emissions while climate change threatens energy security. This policy brief explores the reciprocal impacts between climate change and energy security in the Mediterranean, emphasising the need for collaborative and innovative approaches. By providing a conceptual framework tailored to policy-makers and stakeholders, this paper aims to foster a deeper understanding and concurrent management of these complex issues in the region.